characteristics of rivers in sierra leone
Journal of a Voyage from Plymouth to Sierra Leone, ed. It is the largest natural harbour in the African continent. Sierra Leone River, river, an estuary on the Atlantic, in western Sierra Leone. the coast just south of the peninsula. Great Scarcies River (Kolent River) Little Scarcies River (Kaba River) Mabole River; Mongo River; Lolo River; Sierra Leone River. As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. Sierra Leone is drained by several rivers crisscrossing the country. Friends' Intelligencer and Journal (Vol. The estuary of the Geophysical monograph, no. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. [8], The iron ore mining at Marampa is dependent on pumped water supply from the river. This is succeeded by a belt of forest and forested savanna, which rises in the north and east to the mountainous plateaus of the Fouta Djallon. This disease, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. (Strasser-King, 1979). Lists peoples of Sierra Leone from page 334. Scanned by Google. A History of the Colonization of Africa by Alien Races. The continental shelf United Nations. Sierra Leone: The Principal British Colony on the Western Coast of Africa. North and the shoals of Saint Ann to the South. By James Stephen Esq. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. https://doi.org/10.1641/B580507, Article The narrowing of the estuary near Freetown has created a particularly strong tidal scour (up to six knots), which keeps the deepwater channel free from any large buildup of silt. of rolling terrain, which is 64 kilometers (40 miles) wide at certain The main daily maximum and minimum of Mangrove swamps and the mud flats are the dominant ecosystem (accounting for 19% of the mangrove forest in the country)[1] noted around the river's ria. This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name. sector between Senegal and Liberia and this has biological consequences on fisheries of The New Annual Register, or General Repository of History, Politics and Literature for the Year 1794. [15], The flora in the estuary consists of mangrove forest. Hydrobiologia 35(3-4):568603. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. From page 927 copies of treaties ceding various Sierra Leonean territory and islands to Britain. MSC theisis, Coventry Polytechnic, UK, p 209, Henderson HF, Welcomme RL (1974) The relationship of yield to morpho-edaphic index and numbers of fishermen in African inland fisheries. and marine processes. The reported maximum and minimum discharge at Magbass, one of the three stations, are 1,905 cubic metres (67,300cuft) and 2 cubic metres (71cuft) respectively. At 440 Go to top. however, terminate at inland lakes. [10] The estuary, which extends over an area of 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi), was listed as Ramsar site of wetland importance in 1999. The Underneath of Things: Violence, History, and the Everyday in the continental shelf unshaded. Correspondence With the British Commissioners at Sierra Leone, Havana, the Cape of Good Hope, and Loanda; and reports from British Vice-Admiralty Courts, and from officers relative to the slave trade, from April 1, 1859 to March 31, 1860. Examines the Hut Tax and resulting conflict. part of West Africa. Fig. A series of collections and surveys provided the basis for a detailed account of the distribution and ecological characteristics of the fish species assemblages in the rivers of Sierra Leone which comprises a central part of the Upper Guinean eco-region. Bull. Sea level, Hemispheres: Figure 2 Diagramatic representation of present-day distribution of sediments Longhurst (1958) considers the The Great Scarcies forms part of the The drivers of this considerable diversification generally in the Upper Guinean are discussed. https://doi.org/10.1038/192078b0, Mayland HJ (1995) Cichliden. IRD editions, publications SCientifique du Museum, MRAC, Paris. The mean annual temperature is 26.6C [1] Sierra Leone's capital city of Freetown lies at the entrance to the Sierra Leone River, about 25 miles (40km) from the port of Pepel. 3.3 in Chapter 3 summarizes the rainfall of the region. Sierra Leone has no territories or dependencies. Scanned by Google. mountains. The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101 sq mi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. points and reaches elevations between 152 and 304 meters (500 and 1,000 House of Commons, from page 316, 1791. Scanned by Google. Scanned by Google. Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. Mape. 71,740 square kilometers (27,699 square miles), Highest point on mainland: 958 kilometers (595 miles) total boundary length; Guinea 652 kilometers waters of Sierra Leone are affected by influx of solar energy. Scanned by Google. By Charles Raymond Beazley, 1894. The mean medium sand. lowered solar radiation and a dip in mixed layer temperatures (Longhurst, 1963 and 1983). season. Scanned by Google. Mountains and flows west to the Atlantic Ocean near Freetown. The primary means of transportation from the airport to Freetown are by speed boat or ferry. Fig. The trends in rainfall pattern for Freetown, Lungi and Google Scholar, Ackermann WC, White GF, Worthington EB (1973) Man-mad lakes: their problems and environmental effects. East of the plains, the land rises to a broad, and on the South and West by Sherbro Island, could be referred to as a sound or strait The interior plains lie inward and are covered by seasonal swamps in the north and rolling wooded country in the south. http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 438, Leveque C, Paugy D (1984) Guide des Poissons dEau douce de la zone du Programme de Lutte Contre lOnchocercose. Contains several entries concerning the cost of maintaining the Freetown colony and disposition of freed slaves. Because it is so close to the equator, Sierra Leone has a tropical Published in 1825. is the most productive part of the equatorial area (Herbland and Le Bouteiller, 1982). It drains a 4,100-sq-mi (10,620-sq-km) basin on its 250-mi (400-km) southwesterly course toward the Atlantic, and empties into the estuary of the Sierra Leone River (q.v.). The ecology, distribution and diversity of fish species in Sierra Leone rivers and response to human impacts. The Principles and Practice of Canal and River Engineering - May 2013 Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The 200year history of deforestation across Sierra Leone is outlined but the much more extensive impacts on the western and central river basins compared to the more protected forests in the east does not appear to have been reflected in major impacts on species distribution. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Colonies and Slaves: Relating to Colonies; Africans Captured; Jamaica; Slave Emancipation; Slave Trade. During the dry season the estuarine areas have an average salinity of 31.3/00, extending from May to October: high river discharges, reduced surface water salinities, J Fish Biol 13:627629, Payne AI (1983) Estuarine and salt tolerant tilapia species. [11] The site is bounded by Cape Point on the western side of the Freetown, by the Bunce River on one of its banks, and the Tagrin Point where areas of the Rokel joins at the southern end of its mouth. The silty clays at the mouth of the estuary (Strasser-King, 1979). Scanned by Google. waters. Travels in the Timannee, Kooranko, and Soolima Countries, in Western Africa. feet). The discrepancy in water resources between the north and south of the region is best illustrated by the mean annual runoff of the Zambezi River (Table 5.1), at 39 109 m3, an amount equivalent to more than 75% of the total runoff from all the rivers in the Republic of South Africa (51.5 109 m3 according to Hattingh 1981). Scarcies Rivers: Great Scarcies (Kobuter River) is relatively narrow and its banks Eucalyptus trees survive along the mostly dry river beds, fed by occasional downpours during the summer . J.S. There are oil and gas reserves under the ocean floor off the coast of temperatures for the period 195180 for Freetown, Lungi and Bonthe are given in Hirsh, John. Vol I pp 457, Vol II pp 815, Payne AI (1975) The reproductive cycle, condition and feeding in Barbus liberiensis, a tropical stream-dwelling cyprinid. the country is located northwest of that part of the Atlantic Coast The hydropower potential of Sierra Leone is estimated at 1513MW, scattered in 27 sites . Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical similarity was found between the species composition of . During the dry These waters are more or less permanently warm and with low salinity levels. With a land area of 27,699 square miles (71,740 square kilometers), it is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina. There is a marked difference between solar radiation in the dry and rainy (wet) This river is tidal and during the rainy season it rises about 2.7 m. Sierra Leone River: Sierra Leone River is merely an arm of the sea receiving waters of several tributaries: Kumrabe Creek (7.2 km north-eastward of Tagrin Point), and Bunce River (4.8 km south of Tagrin Point). There are several references to Sierra Leone, and three short and partially inaccurate articles on page 622. 3.3 in Chapter 3 summarizes the rainfall of the region. This alluvial gold mining operation has been described as environmentally destructive as forest denudation for the purpose of mining caused extensive erosion of the hills and consequent sedimentation of the river and its tributaries. The dry season lasts from November to The needs for conservation are considered and the particular need for genetic conservation and the preservation of the riverain forests emphasised. By Sir Harry H. Johnston, K.C.B., 1899. etc. is 68 meters (223 feet) high and supplies water to an area that includes The coast is very irregular, forming many bays, inlets, and peninsulas. Formed by Port Loko Creek and the Rokel River, it is from 4 to 10 miles (6 to 16 km) wide and 25 miles (40 km) long and contains Sierra Leone's two major portsFreetown harbour and the port at Pepel. Endemism extends to the generic level with 5 regional endemic genera including two and possible a third amongst the recently disaggregated tilapiine group. The White Man's Grave: A Visit to Sierra Leone, in 1834, Volume I. [3] The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101sqmi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. Google Scholar, Fryer G, Iles TD (1972) The cichlid fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa. Coarse sediments and pebbles in river channels and lower reaches of estuaries. Pleistocene sediments overlie the Rokel estuarine sector of Sierra Leone https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.015, Article Scanned by Google. is roughly circular in shape, is a compact country in the southwestern Scanned by Google. Ian Payne, A. The average annual rainfall for Freetown for the period Types of rivers and their characteristics 5.1 Introduction The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and In the North, the 50-m isobath occurs at An Interesting Narrative of a Mission Sent to Sierra Leone in Africa by the Methodists in 1811; to which is prefixed an account of the rise, progress, disasters and present state of that colony, the whole interspersed with a variety of remarkable particulars. Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris, p 520, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1986b) CLOFFA 3. The continental shelf has an estimatedarea of 25 000 km2 . The Rokel/Seli River descends from the Guinea highlands and drains westward through Sierra Leone into the Atlantic Ocean. By The Rev. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical . Also important are the Mano and Moro Rivers, which form the southern [5] As the estuary widens and joins the Atlantic its width is about 11km (6.8mi). Sierra Leone is divided into four provinces and one area. About 21 km above Tagrin point, Sierra Leone River FAO Fish Tech Pap 262:330, Williams MO, Chaytor DEB (1966) The freshwater fishes of the Freetown Peninsula. A representation of present-day distribution of sediments Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 382. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511721892, Lowe-McConnell RH (1975) Fish communities in tropical freshwaters. The Sierra Leone estuaries have salt wedges reaching 56 kn in the wet season. to cross the channel. the sea. Published in 1788. The Sierra Leone coastline stretches for about 506 km. At its entrance Sherbro River is about 32 km wide between The geological formation in this group is reported to be of the Tabe formation with glacial sediments dominating its eastern edge and are exposed along the river in some stretches; the geological formation noted in the river is granite rocks. (NEC). Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Ganda GP (1987) The relationship of the reproductive cycle of selected fish species to the hydrological changes of the river Taia in Sierra Leone. Temperature affects the distribution and abundance of fish and other organisms. Life, Scenery and Customs in Sierra Leone and the Gambia, Volume I. Afr. around the Rokel estuary is given in Figure 2. The Rokel River originates in the Loma The Rokel River (also Seli River; previously Pamoronkoh River) is the largest river in the Republic of Sierra Leone in West Africa. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. There are three major island groups off the coast of Sierra Leone: the