application of osmosis in medicine
The process of reverse osmosis has proven to be the state-of-the-art method for removing salt from seawater and increasing access to clean water. Other applications include wastewater treatment and energy production. Other WebElectro-osmosis is the transport of bulk liquid through a pore under the influence of an electric field. It applies a strain on the diaphragm which can be measured through a device called a strain gauge. Everything tends to reach equilibrium and to reach at equilibrium the most crucial role is played by the water. Asao C, Korogi Y, Kitajima M, et al. Footprints of transient ischemic attacks: a diffusion-weighted MRI study. RO and Dialysis Use Cases for Chemistry and Medicine, Just about everyone knows that Reverse Osmosis (RO) systems excel at removing water impurities, but few are aware that they also remove the beneficial minerals. Keeping the body's conditions stable makes it possible for living things to survive. Osmotic pressure is a colligative property. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Neuroradiology. Clin Radiol. This situation is formally equivalent to osmosis, where the semipermeable 2005;26:12968. What is a trophic hormone? Can cockroaches be fused together with their Brain Juice? Magn Reson Med. 2006;26:10049. Diffusion-weighted imaging in the assessment of brain abscesses therapy. government site. Water diffusivity: comparison of primary CNS lymphoma and astrocytic tumor infiltrating the corpus callosum. Prediction of hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke: role of diffusion-weighted imaging and early parenchymal enhancement. Lancet. WebAll timely applications submitted with an application fee will be entered into the lottery drawing. Singer OC, Humpich MC, Fiehler J, et al. 2008;49 Suppl 3:1522. Stejskal EO, Tanner JE. 2009;19:10112. Zeng QS, Li CF, Liu H, Zhen JH, Feng DC. Wehner T, Lapresto E, Tkach J, et al. Environ Sci Technol. So, if P is the pressure of the solvent and Ps is the vapor pressure of the solution, the relationship between vapor pressure and osmotic pressure is given by: Relative lowering of vapor pressure is the relative change in pressure with respect to the added solute. Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. 2004;13:31721. Learn how and where osmosis takes place in the digestive system and excretory system and the role of osmosis in kidney dialysis. 2004;25:9517. Webosmosis. Temple University School of Medicine, 3401 Broad Street, Philadelphia, 19140-5189, Pennsylvania, USA, Dept. 2003;24:15826. https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/11-1-homeostasis-and-osmoregulation/, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Health Information Center. Ay H, Furie KL, Yamada K, Koroshetz WJ. 1990;11:92531. Draw a neatly labeled diagram of chloroplast found in leaf, and its role in photosynthesis? Nephrons are important because they help filter waste out of your blood and put it into your urine. Radiology. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. processes for wastewater treatment, food processing, and seawater/brackish water desalination. In medicine, Osmosis will occur if a vessel is separated into two compartments by a semipermeable membrane, both compartments are filled to the same level with a solvent, and Biological and Medical Applications of Pressure and FluidsExamples of Pressure in Humans y The Biological and Medical Applications Early diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings in neonatal herpes encephalitis. Hemorrhagic cerebral infarction a prospective study. Kidwell CS, Alger JR, Di Salle F, et al. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 2006;48:6329. 2005;56:199203. 1997;350:4934. Using the 2001;221:2734. 2002;23:98994. Cihangiroglu M, Citci B, Kilickesmez O, et al. WebAll timely applications submitted with an application fee will be entered into the lottery drawing. Rumboldt Z. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2018 Nov 14;18(11):6679-6685. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01891. Chua GC, Sitoh YY, Lim CC, Chua HC, Ng PY. 2009;19:65768. Mechanism of detection of acute cerebral ischemia in rats by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance microscopy. It is always directly proportional to the osmotic potential produced in the solution. Arch Neurol. 2003;180:715. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;24:24750. 1988;168:497505. Lo L, Tan AC, Umapathi T, Lim CC. discussion 932924. 2009. They both contain high proportions of salt and sugar, respectively that acts as a natural preservative for fruits and vegetables. It happens because of osmosis. 2004;52:14550. Osmosis, as defined by Google dictionary, is a process by which Cordonnier C, Oppenheim C, Lamy C, Meder JF, Mas JL. 2008;18:8592. Reversible magnetic resonance imaging findings in metronidazole-induced encephalopathy. 2006;48:51320. Diffusion changes in status epilepticus. 1999;282:200311. 2003;24:87885. 2008;29:114752. Stroke. Diffusion of a small molecule in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. Acta Neurol Scand. 2000;54:5102. CAS The site is secure. The strain gauge is attached to an electronic device that produces a digital signal accordingly. 2005;65:152632. Advanced MR imaging techniques in the diagnosis of intraaxial brain tumors in adults. Sevick RJ, Kanda F, Mintorovitch J, et al. Merboldt KD, Bruhn H, Frahm J, Gyngell ML, Hanicke W, Deimling M. MRI of diffusion in the human brain: new results using a modified CE-FAST sequence. J Neurol Sci. Seizure. Usefulness of diffusion/perfusion-weighted MRI in patients with non-enhancing supratentorial brain gliomas: a valuable tool to predict tumour grading? Do you have any products at home that are concentrated? Its because water must pass through semipermeable membranes to travel from one place in our body to another. 1997;49:1139. 2003;24:15609. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26:145560. Han KT, Choi DS, Ryoo JW, et al. MeSH Lo CP, Chen CY. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Studies have shown that reverse osmosis technology can successfully remove small molecule organic, such as emulsifiers[13], alkylphenol polyoxyethylene acid[14], etc. Ann Nucl Med. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. This is because tap water is not just H2O (water). Ay H, Koroshetz WJ, Benner T, et al. Distinction between recurrent glioma and radiation injury using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with diffusion-weighted imaging. Engelter ST, Wetzel SG, Radue EW, Rausch M, Steck AJ, Lyrer PA. Hjort N, Christensen S, Solling C, et al. We use the word semipermeable to describe the ability to only let certain things pass through a membrane. Hyare H, Thornton J, Stevens J, et al. Butteriss DJ, Ramesh V, Birchall D. Serial MRI in a case of familial hemiplegic migraine. Ay H, Buonanno FS, Rordorf G, et al. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Even each cell of our body, plants, and animals around us are surviving due to osmosis. Eur Neurol. Unidirectional drying of a suspension of diffusiophoretic colloids under gravity. Reversible inferior colliculus lesion in metronidazole-induced encephalopathy: magnetic resonance findings on diffusion-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging. 2003;181:17114. Manners DN, Parchi P, Tonon C, et al. 2009;72:142531. Why is osmotic pressure a colligative property? Ischemic injury detected by diffusion imaging 11 minutes after stroke. Cerebral gliomas: prospective comparison of multivoxel 2D chemical-shift imaging proton MR spectroscopy, echoplanar perfusion and diffusion-weighted MRI. Kuroda H, Ogasawara K, Hirooka R, et al. van Everdingen KJ, van der Grond J, Kappelle LJ, Ramos LM, Mali WP. It consists of the following components: The inside pot is filled with a solution containing the solvent present in the outside container. 2005;53:10405. 2008;9:3858. Answer Now and help others. Radiat Med. R.W. WebReverse osmosis technology helps to remove water traces of organic matter, thus ensuring the safety of drinking water. 1999;17:2936. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Kim E, Na DG, Kim EY, Kim JH, Son KR, Chang KH. Apparent diffusion coefficient decreases and magnetic resonance imaging perfusion parameters are associated in ischemic tissue of acute stroke patients. Heiner L, Demaerel P. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging findings in a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis. 2004;225:39. Foffi G, Pastore A, Piazza F, Temussi PA. Phys Biol. So, our cells absorb water and we feel thirsty, and hence, we start drinking water. 2009;40:16927. Pillai JJ, Williams HT, Faro S. Functional imaging in temporal lobe epilepsy. Tap water is actually a solution! 1996;35:1627. NMR Biomed. Eventually the dialysis fluid will remove all of the waste materials it can from the blood. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. Radiology. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome, Associate Director of Neuroradiology, Associate Professor of Radiology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0345-7_2, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. 2008;18:14961. 2007;49:21722. Neuroradiology. Diffusion-weighted MRI characterizes the ischemic lesion in transient global amnesia. Stroke. Przeklasa-Auth M, Ovbiagele B, Yim C, Shewmon A. Filippi CG, Edgar MA, Ulug AM, Prowda JC, Heier LA, Zimmerman RD. Hall DE, Moffat BA, Stojanovska J, et al. Viability thresholds of ischemic penumbra of hyperacute stroke defined by perfusion-weighted MRI and apparent diffusion coefficient. If a certain amount of pressure is applied on the solution end, it can stop the inward movement of pure solvent but the internal pressure on the solvent end will rise. 1998;19:85962. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Lee SS, Cha SH, Lee SY, Song CJ. Magn Reson Med. 2002;33:7986. Epub 2013 Aug 2. Haik S, Dormont D, Faucheux BA, Marsault C, Hauw JJ. eCollection 2023 Mar 20. 2005;15:3735. 2007;22:19219. Process of Osmosis in Plants (With Experiments), Colloids: Definition, Terminology and Application. Gallucci M, Limbucci N, Paonessa A, Caranci F. Reversible focal splenial lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Why or why not? But have you ever wondered how your body absorbs it? Comparison of optimized and standard diffusion-weighted imaging at 1.5T for the detection of acute lesions in patients with transient ischemic attack. Decreased diffusion in central pontine myelinolysis. Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy and inferior olivary hypertrophy: lesion analysis with diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Magn Reson Imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Goodman JA, Kroenke CD, Bretthorst GL, Ackerman JJ, Neil JJ. 2009;33:5624. Kidneys are made up of two parts - the cortex and medulla. Schaefer PW, Ozsunar Y, He J, et al. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Diffusion-weighted imaging in the follow-up of treated high-grade gliomas: tumor recurrence versus radiation injury. Correspondence to Neurology. Kallenberg K, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Jastrow U, et al. 2006;47:11004. Dhawan A, Kecskes Z, Jyoti R, Kent AL. Fitzek S, Fitzek C, Urban PP, Marx J, Hopf HC, Stoeter P. Time course of lesion development in patients with acute brain stem infarction and correlation with NIHSS score. 2000;21:18219. Periictal magnetic resonance imaging in status epilepticus. Deconstructing osmosis provides insight for medical and The recent interest in its applications to micro- and Deconstructing osmosis provides insight, Culligan has over 30 years of experience of successfully treating water used in dialysis using medical certified reverse osmosis water treatment technology Ann Neurol. 2003;24:194654. Diagnosing variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with the pulvinar sign: MR imaging findings in 86 neuropathologically confirmed cases. Osmotic Pressure Definition. 2000;21:606. J Child Neurol. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Murata T, Shiga Y, Higano S, Takahashi S, Mugikura S. Conspicuity and evolution of lesions in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease at diffusion-weighted imaging. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 2005;56:511. Benveniste H, Hedlund LW, Johnson GA. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2007;28:43750. Gupta RK, Jain KK, Kumar S. Imaging of nonspecific (nonherpetic) acute viral infections. Currently, DWI is the most reliable method for detection of early and small ischemic infarcts in the brain and the gold standard for determination of the infarct core. 1999;20:14919. Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in deep cerebral venous thrombosis. Hence, osmosis is of great importance in the process of urine secretion. Diffusion-weighted imaging findings in hemolytic uremic syndrome with central nervous system involvement. Time course of lesion development in patients with acute stroke: serial diffusion- and hemodynamic-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Imaging response criteria for recurrent gliomas treated with bevacizumab: role of diffusion weighted imaging as an imaging biomarker. The largest part of each nephron is inside the medulla. 2002;17:4702. Appearance of meningiomas on diffusion-weighted images: correlating diffusion constants with histopathologic findings. Which types of bacteria are used in Bt-cotton? Rovira A, Pericot I, Alonso J, Rio J, Grive E, Montalban X. Illustrated videos plus linked assessment items that support teaching and learning Decreased hemispheric water mobility in hemiplegic migraine related to mutation of CACNA1A gene. Tong DC, Adami A, Moseley ME, Marks MP. By the end of the game, you feel thirsty. 2008;39:10258. by the osmotic pressure formula: To determine the molar mass of unknown salt, 1g of it is dissolved in a solvent to make 10 ml of solution. WebJoin millions of learners and educators completely risk-free with a. full-access, 7-day free trial. Derex L, Hermier M, Adeleine P, et al. 2008;39:4769. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. Veldhuis WB, van der Stelt M, Delmas F, et al. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Diffusion-weighted imaging for the evaluation of diffuse axonal injury in closed head injury. 2003;24:6337. CAS 2006;63:1357. Osmosis is Hagemann G, Mentzel HJ, Weisser H, Kunze A, Terborg C. Multiple reversible MR signal changes caused by Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis. Serial diffusion-weighted MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopy of acute large demyelinating brain lesions: case report. J Neurol Sci. When water starts moving inside the solution due to osmotic pressure creating pressure on the manometer, it starts rising. Adams Jr HP, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ, et al. It is pressure excited by the solvent at a low concentration towards a high concentration solution separated by a semipermeable membrane. Osmotic pressure is a property of solutions that changes with changes in concentration and temperature. Nano Lett. (2011). Kan P, Liu JK, Hedlund G, Brockmeyer DL, Walker ML, Kestle JR. Osmosis is when water moves from an area of LOW solute concentration (low osmolarity) to an area of HIGH solute concentration (high osmolarity) through a semipermeable membrane. You know what that means - osmosis time! Cramer SC, Stegbauer KC, Schneider A, Mukai J, Maravilla KR. 2001;21:57784. 2009;19:271627. Equation (vii) is known as Vant Hoffs Avogadros law of solutions. 1995;16:118592. Both osmosis and diffusion are passive transport that does not need the energy to pass through the membrane. 2001;58:58793. Macromolecular crowding: chemistry and physics meet biology (Ascona, Switzerland, 10-14 June 2012). WebOsmosis occurs to recover water from waste material. Sener RN. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:3635. van der Toorn A, Dijkhuizen RM, Tulleken CA, Nicolay K. Diffusion of metabolites in normal and ischemic rat brain measured by localized 1H MRS. Magn Reson Med. 3. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Intravoxel water diffusion heterogeneity imaging of human high-grade gliomas. No To Shinkei. 1973;11:5861. The process of reverse osmosis has proven to be the state-of-the-art method for removing salt from seawater and increasing access to clean water. osmosis The automatic movement of the fluid part of a solution through a membrane, separating two quantities of the solution, in such a direction as to dilute the solution of higher concentration. The membrane is permeable to the liquid but not to the dissolved substance. 2010;30(5):5529. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is a technique based on diffusion of water molecules in tissues, with clinical applications to a wide array of pathological conditions. Bernarding J, Braun J, Koennecke HC. Following are the names of those experimental methods. Neurology. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. 1984;41:11524. Osmosis, as defined by Google dictionary, is a process by which molecules of a solvent pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.. Impact of diffusion-weighted MRI-measured initial cerebral infarction volume on clinical outcome in acute stroke patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion treated by thrombolysis. - 208.113.186.1. The rate of osmosis is directly proportional to the concentration difference between the two solutions undergoing osmosis. Neuroradiology. Diffusion-weighted imaging in transient global amnesia exposes the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Vrancken AF, Frijns CJ, Ramos LM. Luthra G, Parihar A, Nath K, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain. 2011;78:7581. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Mattiello J, et al. Radiol Med. The widely accepted theory or mechanism to describe water and salt transport in RO membranes is the solution-diffusion (SD) model, which was proposed over half a century ago ().This model assumes that the Greer DM, Schaefer PW, Schwamm LH. Neurology. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. When we sit in the bathtub or submerge our fingers in water for a while they got wrinkly. Oppenheim C, Samson Y, Dormont D, et al. Pickles and Jams have been used over decades as quick spreads and ready to eat food for kids as well as adults. Glioma grading: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of diffusion and perfusion imaging. Get streamlined. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Lack of evidence for arterial ischemia in transient global amnesia. You might think this is because osmosis is causing water to leave your finger cells and into the bath water. 1999;41:27. Roots have hair, which increases surface area and hence the water intake by the plants. Acta Neurol Scand. Eur Radiol. Magn Reson Med. Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cerebral hyperperfusion and cognitive impairment after carotid endarterectomy. 1989;52:10811. Toldo I, Manara R, Cogo P, et al. 1995;26:19839. Lee SY, Kim WJ, Suh SH, Oh SH, Lee KY. Higher lesion detection by 3.0T MRI in patient with transient global amnesia. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". 2007;48:4647. Google Scholar. 2006;5:2115. Gupta RK, Sinha U, Cloughesy TF, Alger JR. Inverse correlation between choline magnetic resonance spectroscopy signal intensity and the apparent diffusion coefficient in human glioma. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of treatment-associated changes in recurrent and residual medulloblastoma: preliminary observations in three children. Osmotic pressure is important in maintaining the shape of leaves. Tong DC, Yenari MA, Albers GW, OBrien M, Marks MP, Moseley ME. 2002;29:613. The blood from the patient circulates through a washing solution and due to the osmotic effect, solute particles from blood (at a higher concentration of waste salts) go into the washing solution. Osmosis plays a major role in the chemistry of living things and also has applications in medicine and technology. Diffusion-weighted MRI abnormalities as an early diagnostic marker for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. 2009;16:10669. Osmosis is the transport of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. In the stomach, the food is broken into tiny pieces that are mixed with stomach liquids. A solute is a chemical that can dissolve in a solvent. When there is a small amount of solute compared to solvent, then a solution is said to bedilute. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:131729. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Manage Settings The utility of high b-value DWI in evaluation of ischemic stroke at 3T. In physiology, osmosis (Greek for push) is the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane. Will osmotic dehydration in a sugar solution makes fruit taste sweeter? This process continues until the level of water in the negative electrode compartment is sufficiently above that in the positive electrode compartment to balance the rates of water movement through the membrane in opposite direction. Eur J Neurol. WebOsmosis makes teaching modern medical students more effective and efficient through bite-sized, illustrated videos and assessment tools available on demand. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0345-7_2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0345-7_2. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Br J Radiol. Matthews PM. Epub 2016 Nov 1. Diffusion weighted imaging and estimation of prognosis using apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in ischemic stroke. McCabe K, Tyler K, Tanabe J. Diffusion-weighted MRI abnormalities as a clue to the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis. Oberndorfer S, Wober C, Nasel C, et al. Careers. Since the solute particles are incapable of crossing the membrane, its the water (or other solvent) that needs to move. Osmotic pressure can be thought of as the pressure that would be required to stop water from diffusing through a barrier by osmosis. The purgative action of Nephrons look like a bunch of tubes connected to each other. For n number of moles equation (iii) becomes, .V = n R T or = M R T (iv). Lovblad KO, Baird AE, Schlaug G, et al. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Neuroradiology. (With Methods)| Industrial Microbiology, How is Cheese Made Step by Step: Principles, Production and Process, Enzyme Production and Purification: Extraction & Separation Methods | Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation of Olives: Process, Control, Problems, Abnormalities and Developments. 2007;49:5414. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Disclaimer. Our ancestors may have benefited from wrinkly feet to good footing in wet areas. Castriota Scanderbeg A, Tomaiuolo F, Sabatini U, Nocentini U, Grasso MG, Caltagirone C. Demyelinating plaques in relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis: assessment with diffusion MR imaging. To supplement the computational studies, we performed permeation experiments with water and various organic solvents across two state-of-the-art RO membranespolyamide and cellulose triacetateto systematically investigate the role of pressure in solvent permeation. But what happens if one of your kidneys cant do its job anymore? Ukisu R, Kushihashi T, Kitanosono T, et al. Neuroradiology. 1996;36:91422. Copyright 2022-2023R.W. Osmotic pressure is represented by the Greek letter which is determined by Vant Hoffs equation: It works on the principle of diffusion in water. 2003;13:19026. J Child Neurol. Early detection of response to radiation therapy in patients with brain malignancies using conventional and high b-value diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. This is when doctors have to use dialysis to help. In this process, the dialyzer removes waste products from a patients blood 1998;38:55761. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002;249:3342. Heroin-induced spongiform leukoencephalopathy: value of diffusion MR imaging. High-b-value diffusion-weighted MR imaging of hyperacute ischemic stroke at 1.5T. Acta Radiol. Osmosis Bio-Medicine Webosmosis: The net movement of solvent molecules from a region of high solvent potential to a region of lower solvent potential through a partially permeable membrane semipermeable membrane: A type of biological membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally by specialized facilitated diffusion Lancet. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This pressure, the pressure applied on the solution end, or the pressure rise seen on the solvent end is the osmotic pressure of this system. Horger M, Fenchel M, Nagele T, et al. Transfer of water in a closed snail shell. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. It gives hypertonic conditions to bacteria cells and they start losing water and eventually die. J Comput Assist Tomogr. Its kind of like the story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears. TOS4. Postcarotid endarterectomy hyperperfusion or reperfusion syndrome. Let's get visual. FLAIR MRI in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Neuroimaging. 2006;24:65968. 1999;52:10217. Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MR imaging in a patient with acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM). 2009;40:204654. Characterization of tumefactive demyelinating lesions using MR imaging and in-vivo proton MR spectroscopy. 2000;355:14128. RSC Adv. The application of dialysis in the medical field as an artificial kidney for the detoxification of blood is marvelous and life-saving. It also gets waste products out of your blood. Multiple sclerosis with initial stroke-like clinicoradiologic features: case report and literature review.
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